The other aspect of geothermal exploration in nigeria is. The three sedimentary basins in nigeria are underlain by continental crust except in the niger. May 14, 2016 sedimentary basins are regions of the earth of long term subsidence creating accommodation space for infilling by sediment. Part 1 discusses the geology of the crystalline rocks and their regional distribution while the sedimentary basins constitute the subject of part 2.
G o f g eo l p a h n y r u o scis journal of geology. The area holds good potential for human population explosion in the near. Basement geology in the sedimentary basins of nigeria. Doc geology of nigeria vincent kalu and stanless pee. It is frequently regarded as the northwestern extension of the anambra basin to the southeast. One of such sedimentary basins in which this type of model has been applied is the united states coast of gulf. Sedimentary basins are regions of earth of longterm subsidence creating accommodation. The geothermal analysis based on geothermal gradients indicated geothermal anomalies within sedimentary basins.
Geology and mineral resources of nigeria nuhu george. The major aquifers in nigeria are basement aquifers, sedimentary basins, volcanic plateau, and river alluvium. Potential impacts of climate change and variability on. The sedimentary succession in the bida basin, central nigeria, has the potential to include an active petroleum system with the generation, migration and. Geology and mineral resources of nigeria springerlink.
Anambra basin and these basins were major depositional axes for transgressive and regressive sediments in the late cretaceous times of nigeria. The three sedimentary basins in nigeria are underlain by continental crust except in the niger delta, where the basement rock is interpreted to be oceanic crust. The tectonic, stratigraphic and organic geochemical evaluations of these basins suggest the similarity with the contiguous basins of chad and niger republics and sudan, where commercial oil discovery have been made. The sedimentary basins of india, onland and offshore up to the 200m isobath, have an areal extent of about 1. Diagenetic study of sandstone sediments in parts of anambra. There is enormous variety in the granite composition of these rocks. Otukpa in benue state nigeria has vast reserve of sand and other aggregate materials that are presently been mined for various construction purposes. Sedimentary rocks and sedimentary basins reading stanley, s. Tectonics is needed to make sedimentary basins, but the record of the basin itself is sedimentary. The three sedimentary basins in nigeria are underlain by continental crust. But implicit in the concept of a sedimentary basin is the existence of prolonged crustal subsidence, to make a place for a thick deposit of sediment that might well have been deposited in an area without basinal geometry at the surface.
During the cenozoic, until the middle miocene, the niger delta grew through pulses of sedimentation over an oceanwarddipping continental basement into the gulf of guinea. It is frequently regarded as the northwestern extension of the anambra basin to the southeast, both of which major depocentres were during the. Hydrocarbon seepages have been reported in the basin around pategimuregi on the. The benin dahomey basin is one of the sedimentary basins located in the gulf of guinea oil province and straddles through four major countries, namely, ghana, the republic of benin, the federal republic of nigeria and the republic of togo figure 1. In cameroon, there are two main types of sedimentary basins, which belong to three active african petroleum systems, namely, niger delta, west african salt basins and southern and central africa rifts. Geology and mineral resources of nigeria nuhu george obaje. The muglad basin is part of a trend of cretaceous sedimentary basins of apparent rift origin, which cut across north central africa from the benue trough in nigeria, through chad and the central african republic, into sudan.
In northwestern nigeria the geothermal anomaly of sokoto basin extends to the niger territory. In cameroon, there are two main types of sedimentary basins, which belong to three active african petroleum systems, namely, niger delta. However, the sedimentary successions in these basins are broadly divisible into. Pdf geological map of the transboundary region benin, niger. Part 3 takes the mineral resources of nigeria one on one, their geological environment, mode of occurrence, localities. It is also defined as, a low lying areadepression where sediments can be deposit is called sedimentary basin. Sokoto and nigerian part of chad sedimentary basins, where relatively high geothermal gradients were found. It is a preliminary stage process aiming to give additional information for the beginning of a stratigraphic harmonization project concerning sedimentary basins of the. Over geologic time, depressions on earths surface are filled with sediments and organic materials that have been transported by wind, rivers, and ocean currents. Sketch geological map of nigeria showing the inland basins and sample localities.
The niger delta sedimentary basin of nigeria contains more than 12km of marine and deltaic sediments. The mineral resources so far reported in the trough by the geological survey of nigeria agency are discussed below. Sedimentary basin an overview sciencedirect topics. Pdf an overview of the geology and hydrogeology of nigeria. The area holds good potential for human population explosion in the near future. The areas of geothermal anomalies with gradients above 5c100m might be prospective for geothermal energy utilization. The inland basins of nigeria constitute one set of a. Sedimentology and depositional environments of the maastrichtian patti formation, southeastern bida basin, nigeria article in cretaceous research 306.
Earth systems history on ecampus sedimentary rocks intro origin of sedimentary rocks clastic rocks carbonate sedimentary rocks interpreting sedimentary rocks environment of deposition. Recent groundwater quality assessment in the southwest. An older and a younger group of sedimentary basins can be distinguished in. Heavy minerals and geochemical characteristics of sandstones as indices of provenance and source area tectonics of the ogwashiasaba formation, niger delta basin. Sedimentary basins in india india has 26 sedimentary basins covering an area of 3. Large sedimentary basins formed in southern nigeria, divided by the okitipupa ridge. The lower benue trough like other sedimentary basins in nigeria is found to be endowed with mineral resources.
It is a rift basin with plate dilation leading to the opening of the gulf of guinea 9,10. The sedimentary succession in the bida basin, central nigeria, has the potential to include an active petroleum system with the generation, migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons in commercial quantities. Depositional facies and sequence stratigraphic study in. Sedimentary rocks fill up the basins which are vast depressions between basement landmass. They are pervasive on earth and form in response to complex. Jul 09, 2009 contains details on the geological units of nigeria and the associated mineral resources. Geological survey of nigeria agency has played an active role in the exploration for mineral deposits in nigeria. Basement aquifers consist of crystalline and coarsegrained rocks and argillaceous metasedimentary rocks. Sedimentary succes sions in these basins are of middle mesozoic to recent age. This highresolution pdf of the country details the locations and extent of both onshore and offshore producing and nonproducing sedimentary basins. Sedimentary basins of india total 26 sedimentary basins have been recognized and they are divided into four categories based on their degree of hydrocarbon prospectivity. Preliminary catalog of the sedimentary basins of the united. Other articles where sedimentary basin is discussed.
Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the niger delta in. The petroleum geology and prospectivity of the neo. Executive summary the dynamics of sedimentary basins the. The present study examines the stratigraphic succession of benin and western nigeria offshore basins and attempts to compare these stratigraphic nomenclatures. Pdf genesis of oolitic ironstones from the middle niger. Igneous and metamorphic rocks constitute the pre cambrian basement complex which is the oldest, crystalline, solid physical foundation of the country. Part 3 presents the mineral resources of nigeria, their geological environment, mode of occurrence, localities and where possible their estimated reserves. Establishment of river basins development authorities.
Introduction to petroleum geology and geophysics geophysical methods in hydrocarbon exploration geo4210. Interaction between sealevel changes and depositional tectonics. The saltpond basin is a paleozoic wrench modified pullapart basin centrally located between the tanocape three points and accraketa basins. Anambra basin in the lower benue trough is a major coal producing basin in nigeria where intensive.
The three major rock types igneous, meta morphic and sedimentary abound in nigeria. Geological map of the transboundary region benin, niger, and nigeria. Hydrocarbon, bida basin, sedimentology, inland basins, nigeria introduction the bida basin, also known as the midniger or nupe basin, is located in westcentral nigeria figure. Abstract in nigeria, the dominant type of basement rock intersected by wells drilled for hydrocarbons, limestone, or water is granite. Umunya section, niger delta basin, nigeria adaeze i. Canadian border, into which large volumes of clastic sediment that is, sediment of predominantly clay, silt, and sand sizes were deposited. Sedimentology and depositional environments of the. The basins did not begin to fill with sediment until the albian age of the cretaceous.
It is important to continue with and to step up efforts on the hydrocarbon exploration programmes in nigerias other sedimentary basins outside the niger delta as. Sedimentary basins range in size from as small as hundreds of meters to large parts of ocean. So far there is no electricity generation from geothermal resources in. Introduction the bida basin, also known as the midniger. Older sedimentary deposits were not preserved, probably because during the paleozoic early mesozoic, what is now nigeria was a broad regional basement uplift, with no major basin subsi. Earths crust, of tectonic origin, in which sediments accumulate. Heavy minerals and geochemical characteristics of sandstones as indices of provenance and source area tectonics of the. Beneath these crustal elements is the more continuous subcrustal lithosphere. In the deepwater beyond the 200m isobath, the sedimentary area has been estimated to be about 1. Map of the basins, exploration wells, and major hydrocarbon discoveries in. Executive summary the dynamics of sedimentary basins. Known as sedimentary basins, these features come in many shapes and sizes.
Neoproterozoic, paleozoic and cretaceous sedimentary basins in ghana gerald wemazenu adda1. The mixed provenance of the sandstones can be traced to the southwestern and southeastern basement complex consisting of granites, gneisses, etc. Sedimentary basins form part of the earths crust, or lithosphere. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Seismic velocity model for sedimentary niger delta, nigeria. Hydrocarbon provinces are found in sedimentary basins important to know how basins are formed basin analysis. Petroleum potentials of the nigerian benue trough and. Contains details on the geological units of nigeria and the associated mineral resources. Sediments in the basin were deposited in nonmarine to coastal marine environments, and ranges in age from ordovician to cretaceous. The sedimentary basins of india, onland and shallow offshore, up to the 200m isobath, area is about 1. To the northwest, it is adjacent to the sokoto basin. Basement geology in the sedimentary basins of nigeria geology. The crust is thin, dense, and topographically low across the ocean basins, but thick, of lower density, and. Where the sedimentary section is considerably thick, the amplitudes of the basement subtle features are attenuated and may be overlooked figure 1.
Earth systems history on ecampus sedimentary rocks intro origin of sedimentary rocks clastic rocks carbonate sedimentary rocks interpreting sedimentary rocks environment of. Geology and mineral resources of the lower benue trough, nigeria. The basin is often geographically divided into northern and southern bida basins due to the wide variation of the facies across the basin. Thus, it is important to understand how the river and its. Pdf geological map of the transboundary region benin. When massive infrastructural development commences, localized sourcing of materials would be necessary. Benkhelil also suggested that the evolution trough could also be as a result of tension resulting in a. Linked together, such models would contribute to a new integrated understanding of sedimentary basins with broad implications for research across the geosciences, for identifying and extracting mineral and fossil fuel resources, and for preserving the quality of. Download scientific diagram geological map and sedimentary basins of nigeria. Such sediments would have been derived by erosion of high plateaus. Unlike other sedimentary basins in nigeria, it is characterized by the absence of volcanics, carbonates and rocks of tertiary age. It is delimited in the northeast and southwest by the basement complex while it merges with anambra and sokoto basins in sedimentary fill comprising post orogenic molasse facies and few thin unfolded marine sediments. Implications for hydrocarbon prospectivity in the western coastal swamp depobelt, niger delta basin, nigeria.
In nigeria, the dominant type of basement rock intersected by wells drilled for hydrocarbons, limestone, or water is granite. Subsurface temperature prediction from multilayer solution. Geology and total petroleum systems of the gulf of guinea. In the southeast, poorly bedded sandy shale alternates with layers of sandstone and sandy limestone, containing ammonite, radiolarian, echinoid and gastropod fossils. An overview of the geology and hydrogeology of nigeria. The essential element of the concept is tectonic creation of relief, to.
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